Your thyroid gland may be small, but it plays a big role in how your body functions. When it produces too much thyroid hormone, a condition known as hyperthyroidism can develop—causing your metabolism to speed up and affecting everything from your heart rate to your mood.

In this blog, we’ll break down what hyperthyroidism is, its causes, common symptoms, and how it’s treated—so you can better understand this condition and know when to seek help.

What Is Hyperthyroidism?

Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland becomes overactive and produces excess thyroid hormones—primarily T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine). These hormones help regulate your body’s metabolism, and too much of them can lead to a variety of symptoms and health complications.

Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism

An overactive thyroid can affect multiple body systems. Common symptoms include:

• Rapid heartbeat or heart palpitations

• Unexplained weight loss, even with normal or increased appetite

• Anxiety, irritability, or restlessness

• Shakiness or hand tremors

• Heat intolerance (feeling overheated easily)

• Sweating or warm, moist skin

• Frequent bowel movements or diarrhea

• Insomnia or trouble sleeping

• Fatigue or muscle weakness

• Irregular menstrual cycles

• Goiter (enlarged thyroid gland at the base of the neck)

• Bulging eyes (seen in Graves’ disease)

Since these symptoms can overlap with other conditions, accurate diagnosis is key.

What Causes Hyperthyroidism?

Several underlying conditions and factors can lead to hyperthyroidism, including:

1. Graves’ Disease

An autoimmune disorder and the most common cause, where the immune system overstimulates the thyroid gland.

2. Thyroid Nodules

Small lumps or growths in the thyroid that may produce excess hormones.

3. Thyroiditis

Inflammation of the thyroid, often due to infection or autoimmune response, which can temporarily cause hormone leakage.

4. Excessive Iodine Intake

Certain medications or supplements with high iodine levels can trigger hyperthyroidism in sensitive individuals.

5. Overuse of Thyroid Hormone Medication

In people being treated for hypothyroidism, too much medication can cause an overactive state.

How Is Hyperthyroidism Diagnosed?

Doctors use several tools to diagnose hyperthyroidism, including:

• Blood tests to check levels of TSH, T3, and T4

• Thyroid antibody tests (especially for Graves’ disease)

• Radioactive iodine uptake test to evaluate thyroid function

• Ultrasound to check for nodules or inflammation

A proper diagnosis helps determine the best treatment approach.

Treatment Options

Hyperthyroidism can be managed effectively with medical supervision. Treatment options include:

1. Antithyroid Medications

Drugs like methimazole or propylthiouracil (PTU) reduce hormone production.

2. Radioactive Iodine Therapy

A widely used treatment that shrinks the thyroid gland by destroying overactive cells.

3. Beta-Blockers

While not a cure, these medications relieve symptoms like rapid heartbeat and tremors.

4. Surgery (Thyroidectomy)

In severe or complex cases, part or all of the thyroid may be removed surgically.

Lifestyle Tips for Managing Hyperthyroidism

While medical treatment is essential, certain lifestyle adjustments can help:

• Avoid high-iodine foods (unless advised otherwise)

• Manage stress through relaxation techniques

• Get enough rest to counteract fatigue

• Eat a balanced diet to support overall health

• Attend regular follow-ups to monitor hormone levels

Final Thoughts

Hyperthyroidism can be a challenging condition, but with the right care and treatment, most people lead full and healthy lives. Recognizing the signs early and consulting with a healthcare provider are the first steps toward managing your thyroid health.

Concerned about your thyroid health?

We can help you get answers. Reach out to our clinic or check if you qualify for one of our thyroid research studies.
Let’s work together to keep your thyroid in balance.