What Is Hypothyroidism? Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Hypothyroidism, or an under active thyroid, is a common yet often misunderstood condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It occurs when your thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormones—essential regulators of metabolism, energy levels, and many bodily functions.In this blog, we’ll explore what hypothyroidism is, what causes it, how to recognize the symptoms, and the most effective treatment options available.

What Is Hypothyroidism?

The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the front of your neck. It produces hormones—primarily T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine)—that regulate how your body uses energy.

When the thyroid gland slows down and doesn’t make enough of these hormones, it leads to hypothyroidism. This causes the body’s functions to slow down, resulting in various symptoms that can impact everyday life.

Common Symptoms of Hypothyroidism

Symptoms often develop slowly and may vary from person to person. Here are some of the most common signs:

• Fatigue or low energy
• Weight gain despite no changes in diet or exercise
• Cold intolerance (feeling cold when others are comfortable)
• Dry skin and thinning hair
• Constipation
• Depression or mood changes
• Slow heart rate
• Memory problems or difficulty concentrating (brain fog)
• Irregular or heavy menstrual cycles
• Puffy face or hoarseness

Because these symptoms can mimic other conditions, hypothyroidism is sometimes overlooked or misdiagnosed.

What Causes Hypothyroidism?

Several factors can contribute to an underactive thyroid, including:

• Autoimmune disease – The most common cause is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid.
• Thyroid surgery – Removing all or part of the thyroid can lead to decreased hormone production.
• Radiation therapy – Especially treatments for head and neck cancers.
• Certain medications – Some drugs, like lithium or amiodarone, can interfere with thyroid hormone production.
• Iodine deficiency – Although rare in developed countries, low iodine can impact thyroid health.
• Congenital hypothyroidism – Some babies are born with an underactive or missing thyroid gland.

How Is Hypothyroidism Diagnosed?

Diagnosis is typically made with a blood test that checks:

• TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) – Usually elevated in hypothyroidism.
• T3 and T4 levels – Often low in people with an underactive thyroid.
• Thyroid antibodies – To check for autoimmune causes like Hashimoto’s disease.

These tests help doctors determine the severity and root cause of the condition.

Treatment Options

The primary treatment for hypothyroidism is daily hormone replacement therapy using synthetic thyroid hormone, most commonly levothyroxine. This medication restores normal hormone levels and reverses symptoms.

With consistent treatment and regular monitoring, most people with hypothyroidism can lead normal, healthy lives.

Lifestyle Tips for Managing Hypothyroidism

While medication is key, lifestyle changes can support your thyroid health:

• Eat a balanced diet rich in whole foods, selenium, and iodine (if not contraindicated).
• Exercise regularly to boost energy and metabolism.
• Get regular sleep to combat fatigue.
• Manage stress, which can impact hormonal balance.
• Attend follow-up appointments to adjust medication as needed. 

When to See a Doctor

If you’re experiencing symptoms of hypothyroidism—especially persistent fatigue, weight gain, or cold intolerance—it’s important to speak with a healthcare provider. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications like heart disease, infertility, and goiter.

Final Thoughts

Hypothyroidism is a manageable condition when properly diagnosed and treated. By understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatment options, you can take control of your thyroid health and feel like yourself again.

Need help managing your thyroid health?

Contact our clinic or check if you qualify for an ongoing thyroid research study. Your journey to better health starts here.